How do I appeal my business rates?

The formal process in England is the Check, Challenge, Appeal (CCA) system administered by the HMRC Valuation Office. You begin by submitting a Check through your business rates valuation account on GOV.UK, confirming or correcting the factual details held about your property. If the outcome of the Check is unsatisfactory, you can then submit a formal Challenge within four months.

Is there a deadline for appealing business rates?

No single fixed deadline for the initial Check, but timing still matters: any reduction is backdated to the date the Check is submitted, not when the case resolves. Once you've submitted a Check, you have four months to submit a formal Challenge, and four months after a Challenge decision to submit an Appeal.

How much does a business rates appeal cost?

The Check and Challenge stages are free to submit yourself. Only the final Appeal stage (referral to the Valuation Tribunal) carries a fee of up to £300 — and that fee is refunded if the appeal succeeds. If you use a specialist, most work on a no win, no fee basis instead of charging upfront.

Can I stop paying business rates while an appeal is in progress?

No. You must continue paying your business rates as normal throughout the Check, Challenge and Appeal process. Withholding payment isn't an acceptable response to an ongoing case and can lead to enforcement action, regardless of how strong your case is.

How far back can a successful appeal be backdated?

To the date your Check was submitted — not the date the case is resolved, and not the date the revaluation took effect. This is why submitting the Check promptly matters commercially, even though the case itself may take months or years to conclude.

What evidence do I need to appeal business rates?

Comparable rental evidence from similar properties, lease agreements or rent review documents, and details of any factual errors in your property record (wrong floor area, incorrect use classification). The strength of your case depends heavily on how directly comparable your evidence is to your own property.

Does a business rates appeal apply in Scotland and Wales?

No — this guide describes the Check, Challenge, Appeal process used in England specifically. Scotland and Wales each run their own separate rating appeal systems with different processes and terminology.

What happens if my business rates appeal is unsuccessful?

Your rateable value stays as originally assessed, and you continue paying rates on that basis. There's no penalty for an unsuccessful appeal beyond the Appeal-stage fee (which isn't refunded if you lose) and, if you used specialist representation on a no win no fee basis, no fee is charged since no reduction was achieved.

Business Rates Appeal: How to Challenge Your Rateable Value

What is a business rates appeal?

A business rates appeal is a formal challenge to the rateable value assigned to your commercial property by the HMRC Valuation Office. Your rateable value directly determines your business rates bill — the higher the value, the higher the bill. If your rateable value is too high, you are overpaying.

If you are not sure where the figure comes from, start with how the Valuation Office sets your rateable value.

An appeal does not challenge government policy, the multiplier rate, or the amount of relief applied to your account. It challenges only the underlying valuation of your property. If the appeal succeeds, your rateable value is reduced, your ongoing bill falls, and any overpayment from the date your challenge was submitted may be refunded.

Can you appeal your business rates?

You can appeal your business rates if you believe your property’s rateable value does not accurately reflect what it could have achieved in rent on the open market at the April 2024 valuation date.

The 2026 rating list is open to challenge from 1 April 2026. There is no single fixed deadline for submitting a Check — but timing matters because any agreed reduction is backdated to the date the Check is submitted, not the date the case is resolved. The sooner you act, the more of the rating period you preserve.

An appeal is not appropriate in every situation. If your bill has increased purely because of changes to the multiplier or the end of a temporary relief scheme, an appeal is unlikely to succeed. The challenge must relate to the valuation of the property itself.

A free eligibility check is the quickest way to establish whether your property shows signs of over-assessment before committing to a formal process.

What are the grounds for a business rates appeal?

The strongest grounds for a business rates appeal exist where there is clear evidence that the rateable value does not reflect market rental conditions at the April 2024 valuation date. Common grounds include:

Comparable properties nearby are assessed at materially lower rateable values — particularly where similar properties in the same street, estate or scheme are significantly lower than yours.
Your current passing rent is substantially below your rateable value — especially if a recent lease was agreed at arm’s length and reflects genuine open-market conditions at or around April 2024.
Rental values in your sector or location fell between 2021 and 2024 and the evidence used to set your rateable value does not reflect this.
Factual errors in your property record — incorrect floor area, wrong use classification, missing allowances — which inflated the valuation.
Physical changes to the property have reduced its rental value — such as loss of car parking, reduced usable floor area, or changes to access.

A physical or environmental change since the valuation date may also qualify as a Material Change of Circumstances (MCC), which operates through a separate but related route.

How the Check, Challenge, Appeal process works

The formal route for appealing business rates in England is the HMRC Valuation Office’s Check, Challenge, Appeal (CCA) process. It has three distinct stages and each must be completed in sequence.

STAGE 1 — CHECK

The Check is the starting point. You log into the HMRC Valuation Office’s online portal using your business rates valuation account and confirm or correct the factual details held about your property — floor area, use classification, lease details, and any relevant changes.

If the factual information held about your property is incorrect — for example, the recorded floor area is too large or the property classification is wrong — the Check stage alone may be sufficient to secure a reduction without proceeding further.

Timing: any reduction ultimately agreed is backdated to the date the Check is submitted. Filing the Check promptly is therefore commercially important regardless of how long the process subsequently takes.

STAGE 2 — CHALLENGE

Once the Check is complete, you have four months to submit a formal Challenge. This is where evidence matters. The Challenge must set out why the rateable value is incorrect and provide supporting evidence — comparable rental data, lease agreements, floor plans, or market analysis.

The HMRC Valuation Office reviews the Challenge and evidence, then either agrees a revised rateable value or maintains the current assessment. If the case is not resolved within 18 months of the Challenge being submitted, you can proceed directly to Appeal.

STAGE 3 — APPEAL

If the Challenge does not produce a satisfactory outcome, the case can be referred to the independent Valuation Tribunal for England. This is a formal hearing before an impartial panel that considers the evidence from both sides.

Filing an Appeal carries a fee of up to £300. This fee is refunded if the appeal is successful. The Appeal must be submitted within four months of receiving the Challenge decision from the HMRC Valuation Office.

How long does a business rates appeal take?

Timescales vary significantly depending on the complexity of the case and the volume of cases in the system. As a general guide:

The Check stage is typically acknowledged within a few weeks but can take several months to complete depending on the HMRC Valuation Office’s workload.
The Challenge stage can take six to eighteen months or longer, particularly for contested cases requiring comparable analysis.
Formal Appeal hearings at the Valuation Tribunal can add further time where the Challenge does not resolve.

With approximately 130,000 businesses having filed in the first quarter of 2026 alone, processing times for 2026 cases are likely to be extended. This makes early submission of the Check stage more important, not less — because any agreed reduction will be backdated to that date regardless of when the case concludes.

You must continue paying your business rates as normal throughout the appeal process. Withholding payment is not an acceptable response to an ongoing appeal and can lead to enforcement action.

What are the chances of a successful business rates appeal?

According to HMRC Valuation Office data published in 2026, 57% of businesses that challenge their business rates assessment ultimately secure a reduction. That is a better-than-even success rate across all cases — and the rate is higher for cases that are well-supported by comparable evidence before the Challenge is submitted.

Not every case is equally strong. The likelihood of success depends on:

How far the rateable value is out of line with comparable properties in the area.
The quality and relevance of the comparable rental evidence available.
Whether factual errors in the property record provide additional grounds.

A preliminary eligibility check and evidence review before submission significantly improves the quality and outcome of a formal challenge.

What can a successful appeal save you?

A successful appeal produces two types of saving: a reduction in the ongoing annual bill going forward, and a backdated refund covering the period from 1 April 2026 to the date the reduction takes effect.

Before appeal

Property:: Office unit
Rateable value:: £80,000
Multiplier (non-RHL standard):: 48.0p
Annual bill:: £38,400

After successful appeal

Rateable value reduced to:: £60,000
Multiplier:: 48.0p
Annual bill:: £28,800

Annual saving: £9,600

Refund if backdated 2 years: ~£19,200

Figures are illustrative. Actual outcomes depend on the specific evidence and rateable value reduction achieved.

The free eligibility check provides an indicative saving range based on your property’s details before any formal process begins.

Can a business rates appeal result in a higher bill?

Yes — in some circumstances. If the evidence submitted during a Check or Challenge suggests the current rateable value is actually too low, the HMRC Valuation Office can revise it upward. This outcome is relatively uncommon but is a real risk where improvements or beneficial changes have been made to the property since the valuation date.

A thorough preliminary review of the evidence before submitting a Check is the most effective way to identify and manage this risk. A specialist can assess whether comparable evidence and property details support a reduction before any formal submission is made.

Should you appeal your business rates yourself or use a specialist?

You can submit a Check, Challenge and Appeal yourself directly through the HMRC Valuation Office’s online portal without professional representation. There is no legal requirement to use a specialist.

However, many businesses choose professional representation — particularly for the Challenge and Appeal stages — for the following reasons:

Rating surveyors have access to comparable rental evidence that is not publicly available, which strengthens the evidential basis of the Challenge.
The valuation methodology used by the HMRC Valuation Office varies by sector and property type, and experience of local rental markets and comparable assessment levels is commercially valuable.
A specialist can assess the risk of an upward revision before submission and advise whether to proceed.

Most specialist representation in this sector is available on a no win no fee basis, meaning fees are only payable if a reduction is achieved.

For a balanced look at when doing it yourself is the better route, see do I need a specialist to appeal my business rates?

Business rates appeal 2026 — what changed?

The 2026 revaluation took effect on 1 April 2026, updating rateable values across England and Wales for the first time since 2023. The 2026 rating list is now open to challenge.

Several factors make the 2026 appeals cycle particularly active:

Total rateable value in England rose by 19.6% between the 2023 and 2026 lists, with the increase varying by sector: other commercial property rose 28.5%, industrial property 21.4%, offices 14.6% and retail 10.0%.
The 40% Retail, Hospitality and Leisure Relief scheme ended on 31 March 2026, meaning many businesses that were partially shielded from their full liability are now paying full rates.
The volume of challenges is substantially higher than in recent cycles — nearly 130,000 in Q1 2026 — which is likely to extend processing times.

For a full breakdown of what changed in the 2026 revaluation and how it affects different sectors, see our guide to what changed in the 2026 revaluation.

Sector-specific considerations for business rates appeals

Different property types are assessed using different valuation methodologies, which affects the type of evidence needed to support a challenge.

Retail — typically assessed using comparable rental evidence. Appeals should focus on whether rents achieved in the area at April 2024 support the assessed level, particularly where footfall or occupancy has changed.
Hospitality and leisure — often assessed using trading-based methods for larger properties. Market-wide trading pressure or sector-specific evidence may be relevant.
Offices and industrial — assessed primarily on floor area and location. Changes to the local market, occupancy rates, or comparable assessments are the main evidence sources.
Healthcare and specialist properties — typically assessed using the contractor’s basis or receipts and expenditure, requiring specialist knowledge of the methodology.

The evidence a Challenge needs differs by sector. Sector guides: Retail, Hospitality & Leisure, Office & Industrial, Healthcare & Medical, Charity & Not-for-Profit.

How to check which reductions have been applied to your bill

Before challenging the rateable value, check the bill itself: your council’s bill shows the rateable value used and any reliefs already applied, and a missing relief is fixed with the council, not through an appeal. If you are unsure whether everything has been applied:

Check your bill carefully — each relief should be listed separately with the amount of reduction shown.
Contact your local billing authority — they can confirm which reliefs are on your account and whether any outstanding applications need to be submitted.
Check your rateable value — log into your business rates valuation account on GOV.UK to confirm the rateable value being used and whether any challenges are in progress.
Run a free eligibility check — our rateable value checker indicates whether your rateable value appears to be in line with comparable properties and whether a formal review may add further value.

Business Rates Appeal: How to Challenge Your Rateable Value in 2026